The subfamily Rogadinae is a cosmopolitan and species-rich (Zaldívar-Riverón et al., 2008). The genus Aleiodes is the largest genus in the Rogadinae, with 632 species recorded worldwide, comprising more than half of the number of species in this subfamily (Yu et al., 2016;Sulca et al., 2016).

Aleiodes spp. are found in association with caterpillars that feed in large shrubs and role in regulating the density of forest pests. Therefore It is a species with potential as a biological control agent at forest (Shaw, 2006;Beyarslan, 2015). They are koinobiont-endoparasitic wasps characterised by the mummification of the host caterpillar, attack a variety (Zaldívar- Riverón et al., 2008). Most rogadine adults are primarily nocturnal and are among the braconids attracted by light (Wharton et al., 1997). Various morphological studies have been attempted to clarify the specific taxonomy of Rogadinae (Butcher et al., 2012;Jasso-Martínez et al., 2021). Despite phylogenetic the previous studies (Wharton et al., 1997;Sulca et al., 2016), the composition and relationships of Rogadinae are still not fully resolved (Jasso-Martínez et al., 2021).

In this study, we report genus of four Aleiodes species in South Korean. Here, redescription, diagnosis, distribution, illustrations and also DNA barcode sequences are provided for identification these species

Materials and Methods

The specimens collected by light trap and sweeping, South Korea. The samples were preserved in 75% ethyl alcohol. The species studied are deposited in Kunsan National University (KSNU). The terminology used for morphological characters follows van Achterberg (1988). For observation and photography, LEICA DMC2900 digital camera and LEICA M205 C microscope (Leica Geosystems AG) were used. Images were stacked by using Helicon software (Helicon Soft). Abbreviations are as follows: A; analis, CU; cubitous vein, SC; subcostal vein, M; Media, R; radial vein, SR; subradial vein, T; tergite.

Each specimen was used for the DNA extraction using a LaboPass Tissue Mini DNA isolation Kit (COSMO Genetech, Daejeon, Korea); there is the modification from ‘non-destructive method’ (Favret, 2005) that the first to third steps from the original protocol were modified, as called ‘freezing method’ (Yaakop et al., 2009). The sample which was not destroying is soaked with 200㎕ of a tissue lysis buffer with proteinase K solution 20㎕. The sample with solution incubated at 55°C for 10 minutes and then kept in a freezer at -22°C (least 3 hours to overnight). The primers LCO-1490 (5’-GGTCAACAAATCA TAAAGATATTGG-3’) and HCO-2198 (5’-TAAACTTCAG GGTGACCAAAAAATCA-3’) were used for amplification. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification which was amplified by using AccuPowerH PCR PreMix (BIONEER, Corp., Daejeon, Korea) in 20 ㎕ reaction mixtures containing 0.4μM of each primer, 20 μM of the dNTPs, 20 μM of the MgCl2, and 0.05 ㎍ of the genomic DNA template was performed using a GS1 thermo-cycler (Gene Technologies, Ltd., Essex, UK). We followed the procedure: initial denaturation at 95°C for 5 min, followed by 34 cycles at 94°C for 35 sec; an annealing temperature of 48°C for 25 sec; an extension at 72°C for 45 sec, and a final extension at 72°C for 5 min. The PCR products were visualized as a single band by electrophoresis on a 1.5% agarose gel. After electrophoresis, an amplified product was purified using a QIAquick PCR purification kit (QIAGEN, Inc., Milan, Italy), and then sequenced using an automated sequencer at Macrogen Inc. (Seoul, South Korea).

Systematic Accounts

Family Braconidae Nees von Esenbeck, 1811

Subfamily Rogadinae Förster, 1863

Genus AleiodesWesmael, 1838

AleiodesWesmael, 1838: 11:1-166.

PetalodesWesmael, 1838: 11:1-166.

SchizoidesWesmael, 1838: 11:1-166.

AliodesAgassiz, 1846: 360.

NebarthaWalker, 1860: (3)5:304-311.

LeluthinusEnderlein, 1912: 78(A):94-100.

HeterogamoidesFullaway, 1919: 80:39-59.

HyperstemmaShestakov, 1940: 32A(19):1-21.

Hyperstemma [homonym] Telenga, 1941: 5(3) 466.

JiruniaMalác, 1941: 4:136-139.

DimorphomastaxShenefelt, 1979: 81(1):125-134.

VietorogasLong and van Achterberg, 2008: 82(24-41): 313-329.

Aleiodes caprinus (Butcher et al., 2012) 가시두렁고 치벌(신칭) (Fig. 1A-G)

Korean etymology. Basal lobes of first tergite weakly produced, that on concave like thorn and present dorsal midlongitudinal carina like a rib. For this reason, it was named as follows.

Diagnosis

Morphology. Body (Fig. 1A) Length of body 5.8 mm, Head (Fig. 1B, C) Length of Antenna 6.5 mm, with 47 flagellomeres, terminal flagellomere acuminate; entirely head dark brown, occipital carina absent middorsal, ocellus dark. Wing (Fig. 1D) Length of forewing 4.5 mm, Fore wing vein 2-CU1 1.5 x 1-CU1, not meet vein 2+3-M and 2-SR, middle of pterostigma dark brown, reach edge, parastigma basal black; hind wing vein cu-a weak, vein 1r-m 1.5 x 1-M Mesosoma (Fig.1E) Half of lateral Propodeum black, pronotum yellow brown; setose of mesoscutum evenly spaced around. Leg (Fig. 1E) Foretarsal craws simple, length of fore trochanter 1.5 times longer than fore trochantellus, mid coxa is cylindrical shape, with transverse to oblique striation. Metasoma (Fig. 1F, G) Basal lobes of first tergite weakly produced, that on concave, third tergite dorsal midlongitudinal apical of carina absent, present longitudinal groove at second tergite and third tergite of dorsal, second tergite basal with weakly differentiated semi-circular medio-basally; ovipositor acuminate, length of ovipositor 2.75 times longer than that of ovipositor sheath.

Molecular data.COI barcode sequence (GenBank accession no. OP580139)

Distribution. South Korea (new), Thailand

Biology. Unknown.

Specimens examined. 1♀, Buun-ri, Sannae-myeon, Namwon- si, Jeollabuk-do (N 35°22'48.0" E 127°34'48"), South Korea, 20. Ⅶ. 2022, Juhyeong Sohn (Light Trap)

Remarks. This species is characterized by that basal lobes of first tergite weakly produced, that on concave, third tergite dorsal midlongitudinal apical of carina absent.

Aleiodes subemarginatus (Butcher et al., 2012) 구 불두렁고치벌(신칭) (Fig. 1A-G)

Korean etymology. basal of second tergite midlongitudinal carina strongly curved and present dorsal midlongitudinal carina like a rib. For this reason, it was named as follows.

Diagnosis

Morphology. Body (Fig. 2A) Length of body 5.9 mm, Head (Fig. 2B, C) Length of Antenna 5.4 mm, Antenna dark brown, with 40 flagellomeres, terminal flagellomere acuminate; entirely head dark brown, ocellus is evenly spaced, occipital carina complete. Wing (Fig. 2D) Length of forewing 4.3 mm, Fore wing vein 2-CU1 1.5 x 1-CU1, not meet vein 2+3-M and 2-SR, vein M+CU1 slightly curved, parastigma weakly present, vein 3-SR 2.5 x vein r.; hind wing vein M+CU 0.9 x 1-M, not meet vein cu-a and 1-1A, vein 1r-m 1.15 x 1-M. Mesosoma (Fig.2E) Propodeum black, pronotum yellow brown; setose of mesoscutum evenly spaced around. Metasoma (Fig. 2F, G) Basal 2 lobes of first tergite weakly produced, that on concave, basal of third tergite white traingle shape pattern present, first tergite to third tergite dorsal midlongitudinal carina present, present longitudinal groove at first tergite and second tergite of dorsal, that on oval shape, basal of second tergite midlongitudinal carina strongly curved, setose of metasomal evenly spaced around; ovipositor acuminate, length of ovipositor 2.1 times longer than that of ovipositor sheath.

Molecular data.COI barcode sequence (GenBank accession no. OP580138)

Distribution. South Korea (new), Thailand

Biology. Unknown.

Specimens examined. 1♀, Buun-ri, Sannae-myeon, Namwon- si, Jeollabuk-do (N 35°22'48.0" E 127°34'48"), South Korea, 20. Ⅶ. 2022, Juhyeong Sohn (Light Trap).

Remarks. This species is characterized by that fore wing vein M+CU1 slightly curved, basal of third tergite white traingle shape pattern present.

Aleiodes guidaae (Butcher et al., 2012) 긴주름두렁 고치벌(신칭) (Fig. 1A-G)

Korean etymology. first tergite to third tergite dorsal is rugulose and present dorsal midlongitudinal carina and present dorsal midlongitudinal carina like a rib. For this reason, it was named as follows.

Diagnosis

Morphology. Body (Fig. 3A) Length of body 5.7 mm, Head (Fig. 3B, C) Length of Antenna 4.5 mm, Antenna yellow brown, with 38 flagellomeres, terminal of flagellomere dark towards the apex, terminal flagellomere acuminate; head yellow brown, ocellus is evenly spaced, occipital carina absent slightly middorsal. Wing (Fig. 3D) Length of forewing 3.9 mm, Fore wing vein 2-CU1 1.57 x 1-CU1, apex of fore wing sub-basal cell evenly setose, vein M+CU1 slightly curved, parastigma weakly present, vein 3-SR 2.6 x vein r; hind wing vein M+CU 1.34 x 1-M, vein SR and 2-M absant. Mesosoma (Fig. 1E) Short 3 sulcus of pronotum present, metasomal almost yellow brown, setose of mesoscutum and propodeum evenly spaced around, mesopleuron with faint rugulose sculpture anteriorly. Leg (Fig. 1G) Length hind trochantellus 1.5 times longer than hind trochanter, hind coxa transverse to oblique striation. Metasoma (Fig. 1F, G) Basal 2 lobes of first tergite weakly produced, that on convex, first tergite to third tergite dorsal rugulose, present longitudinal groove at second tergite and third tergite of dorsal, that on oval shape, setose of metasomal evenly spaced; ovipositor acuminate, length of ovipositor 2.1 times longer than that of ovipositor sheath.

Molecular data.COI barcode sequence (GenBank accession no. OP580141)

Distribution. South Korea (new), Thailand

Biology. Unknown.

Specimens examined. 1♀, Buun-ri, Sannae-myeon, Namwon- si, Jeollabuk-do (N 35°22'48.0" E 127°34'48"), South Korea, 20. Ⅶ. 2022, Juhyeong Sohn (Light Trap).

Remarks. This species is characterized by that short 3 sulcus of pronotum present, hind coxa transverse to oblique striation.

Aleiodes lipwigi (Butcher et al., 2012) 청동두렁고치 벌(신칭) (Fig. 1A-G)

Korean etymology. white pattern of second tergites resembles Bronze sword central part and present dorsal midlongitudinal carina like a rib. For this reason, it was named as follows.

Diagnosis

Morphology. Body (Fig. 4A) Length of body 6.1 mm, Head (Fig. 4B, C) Length of Antenna 8.7 mm, Antenna yellow brown, with 46 flagellomeres, terminal flagellomere acuminate, terminal of flagellomere dark towards the apex; ocellus evenly spaced, occipital carina absent middorsal. Wing (Fig. 4D) Length of forewing 4.7 mm, Fore wing vein 2-CU1 1.5 x 1-CU1, mid Apex of fore wing subbasal cell with glabrous zone, not meet vein 2+3-M and 2-SR, vein M+CU1 mostly straight, parastigma absent, vein 3-SR 2 x vein r; hind wing vein M+CU 1.7 x 1-M, not meet vein cu-a and 1-1A, vein 2-M strongly present Mesosoma (Fig. 4E) Lateral Propodeum black, pronotum camel; entirely setose of mesosomal evenly spaced around. Leg (Fig. 4G) Length hind trochanter 1.12 times longer than hind trochantellus, hind coxa slightly transverse to oblique striation. Metasoma (Fig. 1F, G) First tergite to third tergite dorsal midlongitudinal carina mostly straight, present longitudinal groove at second tergite and third tergite of dorsal, first tergite to third tergite dorsal midlongitudinal carina strongly present, with rugulose, present longitudinal groove at first tergite and second tergite of dorsal, that on oval shape; ovipositor strongly acuminate, length of ovipositor 1.8 times longer than that of ovipositor sheath.

Molecular data.COI barcode sequence (GenBank accession no. OP580146)

Distribution. South Korea (new), Thailand

Biology. Unknown.

Specimens examined. 1♀, Buun-ri, Sannae-myeon, Namwon- si, Jeollabuk-do (N 35°22'48.0" E 127°34'48"), South Korea, 20. Ⅶ. 2022, Juhyeong Sohn (Light Trap).

Remarks. This species is characterized by that absent of fore wing parastigma, first tergite to third tergite dorsal midlongitudinal carina strongly present.