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ISSN : 1225-0171(Print)
ISSN : 2287-545X(Online)
Korean Journal of Applied Entomology Vol.64 No.4 pp.327-341
DOI : https://doi.org/10.5656/KSAE.2025.11.0.047

Taxonomic Reconfirmation of the Korean Population of Brown-winged Stink Bug Plautia (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae), with a Discussion on its Parasitoids

Minsuk Oh1,2, Jaeseok Oh1,2, Seunghwan Lee1,2*
1Insect Biosystematics Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
2Research Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
*Corresponding author:seung@snu.ac.kr
September 20, 2025 November 5, 2025 November 14, 2025

Abstract


Pentatomine stink bug, Plautia Stål is characterized by their moderate size, greenish body and brownish hemelytera. Some species like P. stali Scott, 1874 are considered important agricultural pests, and research on their control is crucial. This work aimed to review the taxonomy of Korean Plautia and provide information on their parasitoids. Based on reexamination, the Korean P. splendens Distant, 1900 population was reidentified as P. himechabane Ishikawa and Moriya, 2019. Each species was diagnosed based on images of dorsal habitus and genitalic structures of both sexes, with figures for observable variation in coloration and female spermatheca. Additionally, we reviewed the known parasitoids of Plautia and report two newly discovered Plautia-associated mites, including the genus Lobogynium, which was recorded from Korea for the first time.


Pentatomidae , Plautia , Korean peninsula , Parasitoid

한국산 꼬마갈색노린재속 Plautia (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)의 분류학적 재확인과 기생자에 대한 고찰

오민석1,2, 오재석1,2, 이승환1,2*
1서울대학교 농생명공학부 곤충계통분류학연구실
2서울대학교 농업생명과학연구원

초록


노린재과(Pentatomidae)에 속하는 꼬마갈색노린재속(Plautia Stål)은 중간 정도의 크기, 녹색 몸체, 그리고 갈색을 띠는 반시초(hemelytra)가 특징인 속이다. 특히 갈색날개노린재와 같은 일부 종은 중요한 농업 해충으로 간주되어 이들의 방제에 대한 연구의 필요성이 높다. 본 연구는 한국산 Plautia 속의 분류 현황을 검토하고 관련된 기생자(parasitoids) 정보를 제공하는 것을 목표로 했다. 재검토 결과, 한국에서 P. splendens Distant, 1900으로 알려졌던 꼬마갈색노린재는 P. himechabane Ishikawa and Moriya, 2019로 재동정되었다. 각 종들은 종별 사진과 암수 생식기 구조를 기반으로 분류되었으며, 색상 변이와 암컷 저정낭(spermatheca)의 관찰 가능한 차이를 보여주는 그림이 포함되었다. 추가적으로, 알려진 꼬마갈색노린재속에 대한 기생자의 목록을 검토했으며, 새로 발견된 두 종의 꼬마갈색노린재속 관련 응애에 대한 정보를 제공한다. 이 응애 중에는 한국에서 처음으로 기록되는 Lobogynium 속이 포함된다.


노린재과 , 꼬마갈색노린재속 , 한반도 , 기생자 ,

    The pentatomine bug genus PlautiaStål, 1865, comprises 28 species and subspecies reported worldwide (Aukema, 2018;Ishikawa and Moriya, 2019), primarily across the Palearctic region (mostly East and Southeast Asia) and Australia (Linnavuori, 1975;Rider, 2006, 2015;Aukema, 2018;Ishikawa and Moriya, 2019). Among them, several species, such as P. staliScott, 1874, P. affinis (Dallas, 1851) and P. crossota (Dallas, 1851) are significant agricultural pests (Yasunaga et al., 1993;Jang et al., 2010;Sriram, 2020). These species cause frequent damage to various fruit trees and crops throughout East, Southeast and South Asia (Figs. 1A–I) (Kwon et al., 2001;Rider, 2015).

    In East Asia, a total of seven species have been recorded from China (Rider et al., 2002), and a recent taxonomic study raised Japanese Plautia diversity from three to five species with the description of three new species and one synonym (Ishikawa and Moriya, 2019). The Korean Plautia were first recorded by Okamoto (1924) with P. stali from Jeju (also known as Quelpart Is.), and Lee (1971) added P. splendens Distant, 1900 based on material from Daegu and Ulleung Is. However, Kim et al. (2025) recently excluded the Korean distribution record of P. splendens, though they suggested that this exclusion requires future verification based on additional specimens.

    Natural enemies of the genus Plautia were gradually reported from the mid-1950s onward (Rider, 2015). Almost all parasitoid records are concentrated on major pest species, P. affinis, P. crossota, P. stali, and P. splendens (Table 1). Among these records, the natural enemy record for P. splendens likely pertains to P. himechabaneIshikawa and Moriya, 2019, because Watanabe (1954) conducted his work on a population collected from Zetsuji (Shikoku) (Matsuo et al., 2014). Hymenopteran parasitoids pose a potential threat to Plautia eggs and after emergence, nymphs and adults can also be affected by oviposition by tachinid flies and the parasitic wasp Aridelus. Egg parasitoids fully utilize the energy from their host, and nymph and adult parasitoids also cause destructive damage to host fitness and fecundity through consumption of internal muscles, intestines and reproductive organs. While diverse parasitoids have been highlighted and studied, little has been reported about non-insect parasites observed on Plautia.

    Acarine parasitoids affecting stink bugs include several reported observations of Leptus sp., and with parasitic Leptus impacting mortality and reproduction rates and may even causing the death of adult mirid bugs (González-Moraga et al., 2015;Vanitha and Saroj, 2015).

    Our recent survey recognized two Plautia species, P. stali and P. himechabane. Plautia splendens was excluded from the Korean list based on the review of previous references and examination of the Korean population. Images of dorsal habitus and genitalic structures of both sexes are presented for two Korean Plautia species, with figures for observable variation in coloration and female spermatheca. We also describe updated two new associated mites of Plautia, Lobogynium sp. and Leptus andongensisHakimitabar et al., 2020, with detailed figures of both specimens.

    Materials and Methods

    All examined specimens deposited in the collection of Insect Biosystematics Laboratory, Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Korea (SNU) and National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), Incheon, Korea. For the specimens of Plautia, external characteristics were observed under a Leica Z16 APO microscope and digital images were obtained with a Leica DMC 5400 camera. Genitalic structures were dissected and observed under a Leica DM 4000B microscope, and images were taken using a digital camera combined with the microscope (Lumenera Infinity 3). All measurements (mean and range) are provided in millimeters, or otherwise noted. For the mites, digital images of phoretic status were taken with a Leica DMA 5400 camera with a Leica Z16 APO microscope. Detached mites were cleared in lactic acid solution and mounted in PVA medium (Downs, 1943), and digital images of the mounted specimen were obtained with an Olympus DP27 camera attached to Olympus BX53 compound microscope equipped with differential interference contrast optical systems.

    The terminology used to describe the genitalic structures of Plautia follows Redei (2017) and Ishikawa and Moriya (2019), and nomenclature for the general external morphologies of parasitic mites follows the Lindquist and Evans (1965) and Southcott (1992).

    Results

    Systematic accounts

    Clade Mandibulata

    Class Insecta

    Order Hemiptera

    Family Pentatomidae

    Genus PlautiaStål, 1865 꼬마갈색노린재속(Figs. 2–10, 11A–G)

    PlautiaStål, 1865: 191 (new genus). Type species: Cimex fimbriatus Fabricius, 1787, subsequent designation by Distant, 1902: 180 (= Pentatoma crossota Dallas, 1851).

    Diagnosis.Plautia can be recognized by the following characters: Body ovoid, lateral margin sub-parallel (Figs. 2A– D, 3A–D); dorsum rather glabrous, with distinct, brown to dark brown punctures; basic coloration yellowish green to green; head subtriangular, apically blunt; pronotum glabrous and punctate, with weakly protruded humeral angle (Figs. 4A –F); scutellum wide and triangular, apically blunt; hemelytra usually with brown to reddish brown corium and greenish embolium (Figs. 5A–I); membrane pale grey; paramere wide and flat, with variable protrusion; phallus elongated oval, with well sclerotized vesical and a pair of membranous expansion; valvifer VIII sector-like, inner margin covered with stiff setae. For detailed diagnostic characters and figures, see Ishikawa and Moriya (2019).

    Distribution. Australasia region, Palaearctic region (East Asia, Southeast Asia, South Asia, North Africa) (Linnavuori, 1975;Rider, 2006, 2015;Aukema, 2018;Ishikawa and Moriya, 2019).

    Plautia staliScott, 1874 갈색날개노린재(Figs. 1A–I, 2A– D, 4D–F, 5A–H, 6A–F, 8A–H, 9A, C;10A;11A–F)

    Plautia staliScott, 1874: 299 (new species).

    Nezara amurensis Reuter in Autran and Reuter, 1888: 200 (new species, syn. by Kiritshenko, 1961: 443).

    Diagnosis. Recognized by ovoid body, 9.0–11.0mm; dorsum rather glabrous; basic coloration yellowish green (Figs. 2A–D), brown to reddish brown before hibernation (Fig. 5G); apex 1/3 of antennal segment III, apex 1/2 of antennal segment IV and V blackish; lateral margin of pronotum usually with distinct blackish line; labium reaches or extending over metacoxa; hemelytra brown to reddish brown; Male genitalia (Figs. 6A–F, 8A–H): Ventral rim of genital capsule curved laterally, medially flat; dorsal sclerite ear-shaped, proximal margin comparatively thick; parameres flat and wide, lateral margin with two blunt protrusions, hypophysis straight, subtriangular; vesica well sclerotized and tapering apically, widened at apex and process of vesica developed laterally. Female genitalia (Figs. 9A, C;10A): Valvifer VIII subtriangular, with distinctly angled inner margin; apical part of spermatheca with one or two horn-shaped process. For detailed diagnostic characters and figures, see Ishikawa and Moriya (2019).

    Measurements. Male (n = 5)/Female (n = 5). Total body length 8.92–10.97/ 9.39–11.16; head length 1.70–1.93/ 1.77–2.25; head width across eyes 2.36–2.74/ 2.40–2.80; vertex width 1.46–1.75/ 1.52–1.68; lengths of antennal segment I–V 0.45–0.56, 0.90–1.03, 0.94–1.07, 1.25–1.41, 1.41–1.54/ 0.43–0.58, 0.88–1.05, 1.08–1.26, 1.27–1.54, 1.42–1.71; labial length 4.54–5.34/ 4.75–5.18; mesal pronotal length 2.22–2.83/ 2.22–2.85; basal pronotal width 5.44–6.84/ 5.86–7.05; scutellum length 3.64–4.62/ 3.77– 4.44; scutellum width 3.47–4.36/ 3.69–4.38; width of abdomen across segment III 5.35–6.67/ 5.71–6.85; lengths of metafemur, tibia and tarsus 3.09–4.06, 2.74–3.29, 0.96– 1.24/ 3.44–4.35, 2.88–3.58, 1.15–1.33.

    Material Examined. In total, 1,139 specimens (NIBR, SNU) were examined from the following localities: South Korea: Busan-si, Chungcheongbuk-do (Jecheon, Yeongdong), Chungcheongnam- do (Boryeong, Geumsan), Daegu-si, Daejeon-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do (Bonghwa, Pohang, Sangju, Ulleung Is.), Gyeonggi-do (Ansan, Anyang, Bucheon, Gapyeong, Gunpo, Gimpo, Gwacheon, Gwangju, Hwaseong, Icheon, Namyangju, Osan, Paju, Pocheon, Seongnam, Suwon, Uijeongbu, Yangpyeong, Yeoncheon, Yongin), Gyeongsangnam-do (Haman, Hamyang, Hapcheon, Jinju, Sancheong, Tongyeong), Gangwon- do (Chuncheon, Donghae, Gangneung, Inje, Yeongwol), Incheon-si, Jeju (Jeju, Seogwipo), Jeollabuk-do (Wanju), Jeollanam- do (Gurye, Gwangyang, Haenam, Jangseong, Suncheon, Wando).

    Distribution. Korea (Whole), China, Japan, Russia (Far East), North America (Hawaii) (introduced) (Beardsley, 1979;Kwon et al., 2001;Ishikawa and Moriya, 2019).

    Remarks. This species frequently occurs on the Korean Peninsula. According to Kwon et al. (2001), P. stali is regarded as an important economic pest for various orchards and crops, including more than 54 species in 11 families in Korea.

    Normally, the basic coloration of P. stali is yellowish green (Figs. 2A–D), but it sometimes appears bluish green (Fig. 5C), brownish (Figs. 5H) or dark yellowish green (Figs. 5D– F). In the hibernation season, near fall to winter, their basic coloration turns brownish, or even reddish brown without any greenish tinge in some individuals (Fig. 5G). This color change returns to green in spring when the appropriate temperature change occurs (Kotaki, 1998), perhaps to better align with the coloration of their deciduous hosts. Ishikawa and Moriya (2019) described a blackish lateral pronotal margin as a diagnostic character of P. stali. Most of the Korean population shows a similar color pattern to the Japanese population (Fig. 4D), but some individuals have a somewhat brownish stripe (Fig. 4E) or widely obsolete stripe (Fig. 4F). This variation makes it difficult to distinguish this species from P. himechabane (Fig. 4A–C), so consideration of other characteristics like genitalic structure is essential for the Korean population.

    When Lee (1971) first reported P. splendens from the Korean Peninsula, they distinguished this species from P. stali based on the following differences: i) smaller body size (less than 8mm); ii) brighter body coloration (light green to bluish green); and iii) lateral margin of pronotum without a dark line. However, these characteristics largely overlap with the diverse color variation of P. stali (Figs. 5A–H), leading to misidentification. As an example, we found specimens labeled as P. splendens from NIBR and SNU, and most were eventually identified as P. stali with a comparatively small size and obsolete dark stripe, not P. splendens nor P. himechabane.

    Plautia himechabaneIshikawa and Moriya, 2019 꼬마갈색 노린재(Figs. 3A–D, 4A–C, 5I, 7A–F, 8I–P, 9B, D;10B– D;11G)

    Plautia himechabaneIshikawa and Moriya, 2019: 475.

    Diagnosis. Recognized by ovoid body, 8.0–10.0mm; dorsum rather glabrous; basic coloration yellowish green (Figs. 3A–D); apex 1/3 of antennal segment III, apex 1/2 of antennal segment IV and V brown to dark brown; lateral margin of pronotum without any dark stripe; labium extending over metacoxa; hemelytra brown to reddish brown; Male genitalia (Figs. 7A–F, 8I–P): Ventral rim of genital capsule curved laterally, medially flat; dorsal sclerite well sclerotized, with a minute protrusion; parameres flat and beak-shaped, darkened along lateral margin; vesica well sclerotized and cylindrical, situated with cordiform lateral process. Female genitalia (Figs. 9B, D;10B–D): Valvifer VIII sector-like, with brown spot near inner margin; apical part of spermatheca with elongated and medially branched horn-shaped process. For detailed diagnostic characters and figures, see Ishikawa and Moriya (2019).

    Measurements. Male (n = 5)/Female (n = 5). Total body length 7.98–9.49/ 9.43–10.11; head length 1.56–1.96/ 1.89 –2.16; head width across eyes 2.15–2.48/ 2.40–2.61; vertex width 1.35–1.56/ 1.49–1.64; lengths of antennal segment I– V 0.45–0.52, 0.70–0.78, 0.87–1.07, 1.08–1.19, 1.22– 1.34/ 0.43–0.55, 0.76–0.92, 0.93–1.05, 1.08–1.34, 1.34– 1.47; labial length 4.87–5.10/ 4.77–5.46; mesal pronotal length 1.75–2.25/ 2.23–2.55; basal pronotal width 4.48– 5.61/ 5.52–6.08; scutellum length 2.91–3.60/ 3.68–3.98; scutellum width 2.82–3.51/ 3.48–3.88; width of abdomen across segment III 4.51–5.55/ 5.59–6.15; lengths of metafemur, tibia and tarsus 2.55–3.26, 2.30–2.89, 1.04– 1.06/ 2.95–3.43, 2.66–2.94, 1.05–1.17.

    Material Examined. South Korea: Chungcheongnam-do: 1 ♀, Mt. Gyaeryeong, Banpo-myeon, Gongju-si, 27.v.2015, Hwaseop Song (NIBR). Gyeonggi-do: 1♂, SNU Suwon campus, Gwonseon-gu, Suwon-si, 18.ix.1999, Dong-Youl Lee (SNU). Gyeongsangnam-do: 1♀, Forest trail, Yuho-ri, Jangmok- myeon, Geoje-si, alt. 98m, 35°1'13''N 128°42'2''E, 22.v. 2009, Cheong Jiwoong (NIBR); 1♂, Mt. Sanseong, Yongtaeri, Hail-myeon, Goseong-gun, from light trap, 29-30.vi.1998, collector unknown (NIBR); 1♂, Geunho, Deokho-ri, Hi-myeon, Goseong-gun, from light trap, 21-22.vi.2001, Junseong Shin (NIBR); 1♀, Hyangro peak, Dongsan-ri, Sangri-myeon, Goseong-gun, from light trap, 14-15.viii.1996, Hyunggyu Joo (NIBR); 1♀, Mt. Imaeng, Jikjeon-ri, Bukcheon-myeon, Hadong- gun, from light trap, 28-29.viii.2000, Gyeongryun Han (NIBR); 2♂, Daesong-ri, Geumnam-myeon, Hadong-gun, alt. 279m, 34°58'35''N 127°52'11''E, 7.vii.2010, Park Joongsuk (NIBR); 1♀, Mt. Geum-o, Goryeong-ri, Jingyo-myeon, Hadonggun, from light trap, 28-29.viii.2000, Jaeshik Jeon (NIBR); 1 ♀, Guyang-ri, Macheon-myeon, Hamyang-gun, 19.vi.2015, Park Joongsuk (NIBR). Jeollanam-do: 1♂, Mountain trail, Mt. Gaya, Gwangyeong-dong, Gwangyang-si, 15.v.1999, Juhwan Son (NIBR); 1♀, Hanseok Tourist Farm, Mt. Gaya, Joongundong, Gwangyang-si, from light trap, 28-29.vii.1998, Taeho Ahn (NIBR); 1♀, same locality, from light trap, 30-31.viii.2000, Taeho Ahn (NIBR); 1♀, Chusan-ri, Okryeong-myeon, Gwangyang- si, 27.vii.1998, Hikyeong Choi (SNU); 1♀, Mt. Baekun, Chusan-ri, Okryeong-myeon, Gwangyang-si, 17.vi.2009, Soohyun Yang (NIBR).

    Distribution. Korea (Central, South), China, Japan (Ishikawa and Moriya, 2019).

    Remarks.Ishikawa and Moriya (2019) recently suggested that previous records of P. splendens were misidentified except for the endemic population in the Ogasawara islands, Japan. In addition, their work reclassified that ‘misidentified’ population as a new species, P. himechabane. However, they were unaware of the existence of Korean P. splendens, which also requires reexamination. In Korea, the first record of P. splendens can be found in the Lee (1971)’s illustrated encyclopedia, which includes a review of Korean Hemiptera. In this book, they described P. splendens with darkened antennal segment III– V, which correlates more closely to P. himechabane, and this record is followed by catalogues of Korean fauna without detailed revision of this taxon (Lee and Kwon, 1994;Kwon et al., 2001;Lee et al., 2013;Cho & Kwon, 2017). Recently, a monograph on Korean Pentatomidae reviewed the genus Plautia (Roca-Cusachs and Jung, 2020), but they also addressed P. himechabane as P. splendens. In conclusion, we have not been able to verify the existence of P. splendens on the Korean peninsula, so we also exclude P. splendens from the species list of Korean Plautia following Kim et al. (2025), and reclassify it as P. himechabane. Based on our examination of available specimens, Korean P. himechabane is far rarer than P. stali, with a population ratio > 1:70.

    Class Chelicerata

    Subclass Acari

    Order Mesostigmata

    Suborder Trigynaspida

    Family Diplogyniidae

    Lobogynium sp.(Figs. 11I, 12A)

    Diagnosis. Body circular-shaped, brownish color, slightly longer than width. Most of dorsal setae short (Z5 longer), four pairs of thick and extended setae (apical tip barbed) bears along with lateral side of dorsal shield. Posterior-median part of body with deep incision from dorsum to ventral. Ventri-anal shield triangular-shaped, not abutted the posterior margin of body (Fig 12A). Peritremes long, extended at level of coxa I. Leg I slender and longest, without claws; barbed seta on genu III and IV. See more detailed characteristics of this genus in Trägårdh (1950), Plumari and Kazemi (2012).

    Material Examined. Gyeonggi-do: 1♂, Anyang-si, on the left compound eye of Plautia stali, 27.xi.1997, ByungWoo Lee (SNU).

    Remarks. This species has not previously been collected with Hemipteran insects, but has been observed on various other insects or beneath tree bark (Trägårdh, 1950;Ishikawa, 1968;Plumari and Kazemi, 2012;Trach, 2013;Saito, 2022). In addition, based on the phoretic behavior of Diplogyniid mites, we can presume that they climb onto stink bugs during overwintering, rather than acting as natural enemy of their host (Fig 11I). In this study, species-level identification of the specimen was not possible due to the lack of sufficient material. The suborder Trigynaspida was recently recorded in Korea for the first time by the second author (Oh et al., 2025) and was associated with passalid beetles (Coleoptera: Passalidae).

    Order Trombidiformes

    Family Erythraeidae

    Leptus andongensisHakimitabar et al., 2020.(Figs. 11F–H, 12B–D)

    Diagnosis. Body oval-shaped, yellowish color in mounted condition. Dorsal idiosoma covered strongly barbed setae (Fig 12B). Palp femur and genu with a single barbed seta (Fig 12C). Shape of scutum wider than longer, anterior margin of scutum distinctly concaved (Fig 12D). See more detailed characteristics in Hakimitarbar et al. (2020).

    Material Examined. Jeollanam-do: 1 larva, Chusan-ri, Okryeong-myeon, Gwangyang-si, on the left side of mesopleuron of Plautia stali, 27.vii.1998, Dongsik Jung (SNU); 1 larva, Mt. Baekun, Chusan-ri, Okryeong-myeon, Gwangyangsi, on the left side of abdominal venter VII of Plautia himechabane, 17.vi.2009, Soohyun Yang (SNU).

    Remarks.Leptus andongensis was reported from the body of Meimuna sp. (Auchenorrhyncha: Cicadidae) as an ectoparasite (Hakimitabal et al., 2020). In this study, we report L. andongensis from two other hemipteran hosts. This suggests that this species possesses a potentially broad host range across the order Hemiptera (Figs 11F–H).

    Notes on observed genitalic structure variation on Korean Plautia species

    In our observation, Plautia shows somewhat diverse female spermatheca structure between conspecific populations. Similar to the Japanese population, Korean P. himechabane has a subapically placed sclerotized zone, a round and distinct apical receptacle and an elongated horn-shaped process. However, the Korean population has a short (Fig. 10B) or bifurcate (Fig. 10C), sometimes elongated and protruded structure (Fig. 10D) situated at the median part of horn-shaped process. Despite this prominent difference, highly sclerotized structures like the valvifer and laterotergite maintain a certain structure, and variability of the spermatheca can be observed in Plautia (Staddon et al., 1994;Ishikawa and Moriya, 2019). In the case of Palomena (Pentatomidae), 15 different types of spermatheca have been reported in a single species, P. viridissima (Belousova, 2018). As in P. himechabane, P. stali also presents morphological variation of the spermatheca, which possesses one (Fig. 10A) or two horn-shaped processes, as Ishikawa and Moriya (2019) described. In conclusion, to conduct a more thorough classification of this highly variable taxon, overall consideration of their diverse coloration, size, and particular structures is necessary.

    Distribution records of Plautia species from Korea, focusing on P. himechabane

    Among two Korean Plautia, P. stali is widely distributed across South Korea, and its distribution in North Korea was also confirmed by Josifov and Kerzhner (1978). However, the distribution of P. himechabane remains problematic. Ishikawa and Moriya (2019) state that most of the Japanese P. himechabane population inhabits regions within a few kilometers of the coast. In our examination, this species is mainly distributed in the southern part of the Korean peninsula, supporting the observations of Ishikawa and Moriya (2019), but some specimens were also found at the central region (GG, CN) (red dots in Fig. 13). Distribution records of Lee (1971) and subsequent studies (Kwon et al., 2001) shown as highly sporadic (blue dots in Fig. 13), showing clearly different distribution tendencies compared with our observation. As mentioned above, a large number of misidentifications of Korean P. himechabane were found in some collections, and previous records may include misidentification. To construct a proper distribution map for this tentative pest, reconfirmation of previous records is necessary.

    Acknowledgements

    We would like to express our sincere gratitude to Dr. Neungho Ahn (National Institute of Biological Resources, Incheon, Korea) for kindly allowing us to browse and lending crucial specimens for this work. Thanks are extended to Prof. Geonho Cho (Department of Forest Resources, Sunchon National University, Sunchon, Korea) and anonymous reviewer for reviewing the manuscript with valuable comments and suggestions. This work was supported by Ascending SNU Future Leader Fellowship through Seoul National University, and Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF-RS-2025- 00561722), National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) grant funded by the Korea government (MSIT) (No. RS-2024- 00405751), grant from the National Institute of Biological Resources (NIBR), funded by the Ministry of Climate, Energy and Environment (MCEE) of the Republic of Korea (NIBR 201902205).

    Statements for Authorship Position & Contribution

    • Oh, M.: Seoul National University, Ph. D. researcher; Wrote the manuscript, collecting samples, identification, making figure

    • Oh, J.: Seoul National University, Ph. D. candidate; Wrote the manuscript, collecting samples, identification, making figure

    • Lee, S.: Seoul National University, Professor; Designed the research, critically revised the manuscript

    All authors read and approved the manuscript.

    Figure

    KJAE-64-4-327_F1.jpg

    Korean Plautia stali, live individuals. A: Egg, before hatching; B: Egg, after hatching; C: first instar; D: second instar; E: last instar, on Pyracantha angustifolia; F: adult, on Sorbus commixta; G: last instar, on Morus alba; H: adult, on Aronia melanocarpa; I: adults, mating.

    KJAE-64-4-327_F2.jpg

    Dorsal and ventral habitus of Korean Plautia stali. A–B: Male; C–D: Female. <scale bar: 5.0 mm>.

    KJAE-64-4-327_F3.jpg

    Dorsal and ventral habitus of Korean Plautia himechabane. A–B: Male; C–D: Female. <scale bar: 5.0 mm>.

    KJAE-64-4-327_F4.jpg

    Lateral view of head and pronotum of Korean Plautia. A–C: P. himechabane; D–F: P. stali. <scale bar: 1.0 mm>.

    KJAE-64-4-327_F5.jpg

    Variable color and size types of Korean Plautia. A–H: P. stali; I: P. himechabane. <scale bar: 5.0 mm>

    KJAE-64-4-327_F6.jpg

    Genital capsule of Korean Plautia stali. A: ventral view; B: rear view; C: rear view, after KOH treatment; D: dorsal view; E: ventral view; F: after displacement of parameres and phallus. <scale bar: 0.5 mm>.

    KJAE-64-4-327_F7.jpg

    Genital capsule of Korean Plautia himechabane. A: ventral view; B: rear view; C: rear view, after KOH treatment; D: dorsal view; E: ventral view; F: after displacement of parameres and phallus. <scale bar: 0.5 mm>.

    KJAE-64-4-327_F8.jpg

    Male genital structure of Korean Plautia. A–H: P. stali; I–P: P. himechabane. A–B, I–J: left paramere; C–D, K–L: right paramere; E–F, M–N: Phallus; G–H, O–P: proctiger. <scale bar: 0.5 mm>.

    KJAE-64-4-327_F9.jpg

    Female genital structure of Korean Plautia. A, C: P. stali; B, D: P. himechabane. <scale bar: 1.0 mm>.

    KJAE-64-4-327_F10.jpg

    Apical structure of female spermatheca of Korean Plautia. A: P. stali; B–D: P. himechabane. <scale bar: 0.2 mm>.

    KJAE-64-4-327_F11.jpg

    Korean Plautia and Parasitoids. A: egg of Gymnosoma sp. on the nymph of P. stali; B: egg of Gymnosoma sp. on the hemyltra of adult; C: egg of Gymnosoma sp. on the head of adult; D: pupa of Gymnosoma sp. in the female P. stali; E: semitransparent abdominal segment of P. stali, parasitized by Gymnosoma sp.; F: nymph of Leptus andongensis on the adult P. stali; G: nymph of Leptus andongensis on the adult P. himechabane; H: same specimen, microscopic image; I: Lobogynium sp. on the adult P. stali.

    KJAE-64-4-327_F12.jpg

    Microphotographs of Korean mites. A: Ventral view of Lobogynium sp.; B: Dorsal setae of Leptus. andongensis; C: Palp digit of L. andongensis; D: Scutum of L. andongensis. <scale bar: 0.1 mm>.

    KJAE-64-4-327_F13.jpg

    Distribution map of P. himechabane based on examined specimens (red dots) and previous references (blue dots). Abbreviations: CB: Chungcheongbuk-do; CN: Chungcheongnam-do; DG: Daegu-si; GB: Gyeongsangbuk-do; GN: Gyeongsangnam-do; GG: Gyeonggi-do; GW: Gangwon-do; IC: Incheon-si; JB: Jeollabuk-do; JN: Jeollanam-do; JJ: Jeju-do; SO: Seoul-si.

    Table

    List of natural enemies of genus Plautia (data from Rider, 2015). Newly found species marked with asterisk (*)

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    Vol. 40 No. 4 (2022.12)

    Journal Abbreviation Korean J. Appl. Entomol.
    Frequency Quarterly
    Doi Prefix 10.5656/KSAE
    Year of Launching 1962
    Publisher Korean Society of Applied Entomology
    Indexed/Tracked/Covered By